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List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees

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The Nobel Prize medal received by the laureates

The Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences are a set of awards given, according to Alfred Nobel's will, to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind."[1]

Since its establishment, the prize has been awarded 609 times to 975 people and 27 organizations including one Filipino Nobel laureate – Rappler journalist Maria Ressa who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2021 with Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov in recognition for their contributions to press freedom.[2][3] The American chemist Richard F. Heck was a long-time resident in the Philippines when he was awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[4][5]

Before Ressa's win, Filipinos speculated multiple times when and who will be the first to win from their country.[6] According to OPCW member Franz Ontal, winning the Nobel Prize is the last thing a Filipino could think of.[7] Hence, the lack of Nobel laureates from the country.[6]

The American news publication Foreign Policy has listed former Philippine president Corazon Aquino alongside Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, Ken Saro-Wiwa and Václav Havel as people who "never won the prize, but should have".[8][9] Filipino journalist Romulo Virola noted Ramon Magsaysay, Manuel L. Quezon, Felipe Agoncillo, Concepción Felix, Josefa Llanes Escoda, Lope K. Santos, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Huseng Batute, Carlos Bulosan, and Zoilo Galang as "Filipinos who could have won the Nobel Prize if only they were nominated."[6]

Laureates

[edit]

Despite having only one Nobel laureate, numerous Filipinos (both citizens within the country and living in overseas communities) and Philippine-based organizations were affiliated with laureate organizations of which they contributed largely and were active members at the time the organization was awarded:

Year Image Laureate Born Died Field Citation
Citizens
2021 Maria Ressa 2 October 1963 in Manila, Philippines — Peace "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[22]
(awarded together with Russian journalist Dmitry Muratov)
Expatriates
2010 Richard F. Heck[i] 15 August 1931 in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States 10 October 2015 in Manila, Philippines Chemistry "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"[26]
(awarded together with Japanese chemists Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki)

Nominations

[edit]

Nominees

[edit]

Since 1929, Filipinos have started to receive nominations for the prestigious Swedish prize. The following list are the nominees with verified nominations from the Nobel Committee and recognized international organizations. There are also other purported nominees whose nominations are yet to be verified since the archives are revealed 50 years after,[27] among them:

Image Nominee Born Died Years Nominated Citation Nominator(s)
Physiology or Medicine
Otto Schöbl[k] 27 August 1877 in Zdice, Czech Republic 13 October 1938 in Tokyo, Japan 1929 "for his experimental work with frambosia which lead to knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of treponematous infections."[47] Proceso Gabriel
(1887–1935)
 Philippines
Onofre Garcia (?)
 Philippines
Proceso Gabriel 2 July 1887 in Santa Ana, Manila, Philippines 4 November 1935 in Manila, Philippines 1929 "for his contributions to the public health and the sanitary progress of the Philippines."[48] Dario del Val (?)
 Philippines
Literature
Amado Yuzon 30 August 1906 in Guagua, Pampanga, Philippines 17 January 1979 in Quezon City, Philippines 1970 Poems for Screen Heroines (1949)
The Citizen's Poems (1956)
The Passion of Rizal, Poet and Martyr (1977)[49][50] 		Chung Tin-wen (?)
 Taiwan
1970, 1973 Emeterio Barcelon
(1897–1978)
 Philippines
Jose Garcia Villa 5 August 1908 in Manila, Philippines 7 February 1997 in New York City, United States 1971 Footnote to Youth (1933)
Poems by Doveglion (1941)
Have Come, Am Here (1942)
Selected Poems and New (1958)[51][50] 		Alejandro Roces
(1924–2011)
 Philippines
Pacita Icasiano-Habana (d. 2016) et al.[l]
 Philippines
1973 Purita Kalaw Ledesma
(1914–2005)
 Philippines
Peace
Carlos P. Romulo 14 January 1898 in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines 15 December 1985 in Manila, Philippines 1952 "for his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly."[52] Jose Maria Hernandez
(1904–1982)
 Philippines
United Poets Laureate International founded on 30 September 1963 in Manila, Philippines 1967 "for promoting world brotherhood and peace through poetry"[53] Angel Macapagal
(1917–1993)
 Philippines
Marcelo Nubla September 12, 1898 in Manila, Philippines November 12, 1985 in the Philippines 1973 [54] Jose Roy
(1904–1986)
 Philippines
Imelda Romualdez-Marcos 2 July 1929 in San Miguel, Manila, Philippines 1978 "for her valor in establishing diplomatic relations and peace dialogues with the Libyan dictator Mu'ammar Al-Qadhdhāfī."[55][56][57] Blas Ople
(1927–2003)
 Philippines
Ramon Fernandez
(1916–1997)
 Philippines
Aloysius Schwartz 18 September 1930 in Washington, D.C., United States 16 March 1992 in Manila, Philippines 1984, 1992 "for his ministry to thousands of poor children around the world."[58][59] Bob Dornan
(born 1933)
 United States
Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino 25 January 1933 in Paniqui, Tarlac, Philippines 1 August 2009 in Makati, Philippines 1987 "for her non-violent efforts to restore democracy in the Philippines."[60][61][62]
Antonio Fortich, D.D. 11 August 1913 in Sibulan, Negros Oriental, Philippines 2 July 2003 in Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines 1989 "for being a strong advocate of the rights of the poor and a critic of an unjust social economic system."[63][64][65]
Fidel V. Ramos 18 March 1928 in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippines 31 July 2022 in Makati, Philippines 1997 "for ending the long years of conflict between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Fronts through the 1996 Final Peace Agreement."[66][67][68] Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Nur Misuari 3 March 1939 in Tapul, Sulu, Philippines —
Shay Cullen, S.S.C.M.E. 27 March 1943 in Dublin, Ireland — 2001, 2002, 2003, 2017 "for their commitment in protecting the rights of women and children and campaigning for freedom from sex slavery and human trafficking in the Philippines."[69][70][71]
PREDA Foundation founded in 1974 in Zambales, Philippines
27 Filipino women (part of the 1000 PeaceWomen)[m] began in 2003 in Bern, Switzerland 2005 "in recognition of women's efforts and visibility in promoting peace all over the world."[73]
  • Ruth-Gaby Vermont-Mangold
    (born 1941)
      Switzerland
Leila de Lima 27 August 1959 in Iriga, Camarines Sur, Philippines — 2020, 2021 "for her campaign against extrajudicial killings and stand against dictatorial regimes."[74][75] Hakima el Haité
(born 1963)
 Morocco
Maria Ressa[n] 2 October 1963 in Manila, Philippines — 2021 "for her brave commitments to free expression, human dignity and democratic government in reporting on the authoritarian Duterte administration."[77][78] Jonas Gahr Støre
(born 1960)
 Sweden
Victoria Tauli-Corpuz[o] 19 October 1952 in Besao, Mt. Province, Philippines — 2023 "for her non-violent struggle to protect and strengthen the rights of indigenous peoples"[79] Peace Research Institute Oslo

Nominators

[edit]

The following Philippines-based organizations and Filipino individuals have nominated various candidates, local and international, for the Nobel Prize.[80]

Image Nominator Born Died Nominee Motivation Year Nominated
Physiology or Medicine
Onofre Garcia — — Otto Schöbl
(1877–1938)
 Czechoslovakia 		"for his experimental work with frambosia which lead to knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of treponematous infections." 1929[81]
Proceso Gabriel 2 July 1877 in Manila, Philippines 4 November 1935 in Manila, Philippines 1929[48]
Dario Del Val — — Proceso Gabriel
(1877–1935)
 Philippines 		"for his contributions to the public health and the sanitary progress of the Philippines." 1929[82]
Literature
Manuel Briones 1 January 1893 in Mandaue, Cebu, Philippines 29 September 1957 in Manila, Philippines Ramón Menéndez Pidal
(1869–1968)
 Spain 		Crónicas Generales de España (1898)
Orígenes del Español (1926)
Flor Nueva de Romances Viejos (1928)
La España del Cid (1929)
Romancero Hispánico: Teoría e Historia (1953) 		1956[83]
Jesús Castañon, O.P. — — 1956[84]
Emeterio Barcelón 1897 in Santa Cruz, Manila, Philippines 1978 in Philippines Amado Yuzon
(1906–1979)
 Philippines 		Poems for Screen Heroines (1949)
The Citizen's Poems (1956)
The Passion of Rizal, Poet and Martyr (1977) 		1970,[85] 1973[85]
Alejandro Roces 13 July 1924 in Manila, Philippines 23 May 2011 in Manila, Philippines Jose Garcia Villa
(1908–1997)
 Philippines
 United States 		Footnote to Youth (1933)
Poems by Doveglion (1941)
Have Come, Am Here (1942)
Selected Poems and New (1958) 		1971[86]
Pacita Icasiano-Habana[l] — 17 August 2016 in the Philippines 1971[87]
Purita Kalaw Ledesma 2 February 1914 in Manila, Philippines 29 April 2005 in Manila, Philippines 1973[88]
Peace
Jose Maria Hernandez 19 June 1904 in the Philippines 14 July 1982 in the Philippines Carlos P. Romulo
(1898–1985)
 Philippines 		"for his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly." 1952[89]
Guadalupe Forés-Ganzon 8 July 1908 in Baliuag, Bulacan, Philippines 1985 in the Philippines Hermann Gmeiner
(1919–1986)
 Austria 		"for founding SOS Children's Villages, wherein care for and education of homeless orphans obliterate racial and cultural barriers, making them useful members of our future society." 1964[90]
Angel Macapagal 2 October 1917 in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines 6 November 1993 in Los Angeles, California, United States United Poets Laureate International
(founded 1963)
 Philippines 		"for promoting world brotherhood and peace through poetry." 1967[91]
Amadeo Cruz 30 October 1903 in Navotas, Philippines 25 December 1971 in Manila, Philippines Spurgeon M. Keeny
(1893–1988)
 United States 		"for his dedication and concern for the welfare of humanity, devotedly working towards bettering the state of life for peoples in the world and contributed greatly to the fight against diseases and later population control in Asia." 1971[92]
Carlos P. Romulo 14 January 1898 in Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines 15 December 1985 in Manila, Philippines Norman Cousins
(1915–1990)
 United States 		1972[54]
Pearl S. Buck
(1892–1973)
 United States 		1973[54]
Gil Puyat 1 September 1907 in Manila, Philippines 23 March 1980 in Makati, Philippines Pearl S. Buck
(1892–1973)
 United States 		1973[54]
Jose Roy 19 July 1904 in Moncada, Tarlac, Philippines 14 March 1986 in Manila, Philippines Marcelo Nubla
(1898–1984?)
 Philippines 		1973[54]
Ferdinand Marcos 11 September 1917 in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippines 28 September 1989 in Honolulu, Hawaii, Philippines Josip Broz Tito
(1892–1980)
 Yugoslavia 		1973[54]
Blas Ople 3 February 1927 in Hagonoy, Bulacan, Philippines 14 December 2003 in Taoyuan, Taiwan Imelda R. Marcos
(born 1929)
 Philippines 		"for her valor in establishing diplomatic relations and peace dialogues with the Libyan dictator Mu'ammar Al-Qadhdhāfī." 1978[56]
Ramon Fernandez Sr. 16 February 1916 in Libon, Albay, Philippines 25 March 1997 in Manila, Philippines 1978[56]
Raul Manglapus 20 October 1918 in Manila, Philippines 25 July 1999 in Muntinlupa, Philippines Corazon Cojuangco-Aquino
(1933–2009)
 Philippines 		"for her non-violent efforts to restore democracy in the Philippines." 1987[93]
Antonio Paris — — Henry Reeve Brigade
(founded in 2005)
 Cuba 		"for their altruistic work carried out in 2020 to save more than 10,000 patients who contracted the COVID-19 virus in 38 foreign countries and to serve another 355,000 people affected by the pandemic." 2021[94][95]
Edgar Erice 15 June 1960 in Quezon City, Philippines — AirLabs
(founded in 2017)
 United Kingdom 		"for their fight against air pollution and to the significant role played by science in developing clean-air technologies for good health and well-being worldwide." 2022[96]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Philippine Red Cross (founded in 1947 in Manila) was admitted as a bona fide member of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on September 17, 1947.[10]
  2. ^ Founded in 1948 in Manila, UNICEF Philippines became one of the first UNICEF offices established in Asia.[11]
  3. ^ The Philippine Campaign to Ban Landmines (PCBL; founded in 1995 in Manila) is a member-organization of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997, together with its coordinator Jody Williams.[12]
  4. ^ Talambiraz-Cruz (born on 2 December 1948 in Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines) was assistant to the IAEA Director Mohamed ElBaradei and a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) since the 1980s when both her boss and the said organization won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize. Like all IAEA members, she was given a certificate by the Nobel Committee.[13][14][15]
  5. ^ Villarin (born on 30 January 1960 in Manila), through his work on greenhouse gas emissions, was a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) since the 1990s which, shared with U.S. Vice President Al Gore, received the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.[16][17]
  6. ^ Cruz (born on 26 August 1956) was a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations, being an expert in watershed management and climate change adaptation.[18]
  7. ^ When the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) won the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize, ten Filipino activists, led by Franz Ontal (born on 27 April 1964 in Victorias, Negros Occidental, Philippines), crucially formed part in it. The members were Ontal, Criselda Javelosa van Dasler, Helen Andriessen, Gemma van Oudheusden-Voncoy, Jenniefer Balatbat, Allan Laroza, Roycelynne Reyes, Mary Ann Nieto-Schroor, Michael Conche, and Emily Castriciones.[21]
  8. ^ a b Dr. Jasmin Galace (born 5 November 1964) and Dr. Loreta Navarro–Castro (born 28 March 1948) were both members of the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) when it won the 2017 Nobel Peace Prize.[12]
  9. ^ Prof. Richard Heck is the only foreign Nobel laureate who lived (starting in 1989) and later died in the Philippines.[23] He was married to the Filipina Socorro Nado-Heck with whom he had no children, and was an adjunct professor in chemistry at the De La Salle University, Manila.[24][25]
  10. ^ Prof. Escultura (born on 17 April 1936 in Sorsogon, Philippines) was purportedly nominated jointly with V. Lakshmikantha (1926–2012) and S. Leela (b. 1981), both Indian professor of physics and alumni of the Florida Institute of Technology, for the 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics for their collaboration in the development of the hybrid grand unified theory.[28]
  11. ^ Dr. Otto Schöbl was a bacteriologist and pathologist born and raised in Czechoslovakia, educated in Austria, engaged in research work in the United States and for the Philippine Government for almost 20 years, and died a Japanese citizen. His nomination for the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology was made while he was resident Chief of Philippine Bureau of Science in Manila.[46]
  12. ^ a b "Pacita Icasiano-Habana led a group of professors, including Carmela Dayrit Ortigas and Asuncion Ordoñez Sison, from the Far Eastern University in nominating the poet Jose Garcia Villa.
  13. ^ The 27 Filipinas who formed part in the 1000 PeaceWomen were Maria Lorenzo "Binky" Dalupan-Palm (born 1952), Cecile Guidote-Alvarez (born 1943), Miriam "Dedet" Suacito (born 1959), Corazon "Dinky" Juliano-Soliman (1953–2021), Adoracion "Dory" Cruz-Avisado (1952–2016), Delia Ediltrudes "Duds" Santiago-Locsin (born 1939), Eliza Gahapon del Puerto (1957–2005), Hadja Bainon Karon (born 1953), Haydee Bofill Yorac (1941–2005), Irene Morada Santiago (born 1966), June Caridad Pagaduan-Lopez (born 1951), Loreta Navarro-Castro (born 1948), Sis. Mariani Dimaranan SFIC (1925–2005), Marilou Diaz-Abaya (1955–2012), Mary Lou Alcid (born 1955), Miriam Coronel-Ferrer (born 1959), Myla Jabilles Leguro (born 1968), Piang Tahsim Albar (born 1950), Sis. Puraperla "Pura" Sumangil, A.A. (born 1941), Ana Theresia "Risa" Hontiveros-Baraquel (born 1966), Seiko Bodios Ohashi (born 1960), Sis. Mary Soledad Perpiñan RGS (1937–2011), Teresa Banaynal Fernandez (born 1953), Teresita "Tessy" Ang-See (born 1949), Teresita "Ging" Quinto-Deles (born 1948), Zenaida Brigida "Briggs" Hamada-Pawid (born 1942), and Zenaida "Zeny" Tan Lim (born 1951).[72]
  14. ^ Maria Ressa was nominated jointly with the Reporters Without Borders and Committee to Protect Journalists by Norwegian labor leader Jonas Gahr Støre for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize. The politician recognized Ressa for her critical coverage of President Rodrigo Duterte's administration.[76]
  15. ^ Tauli-Corpuz, together with the Ecuadorian activist Juan Carlos Jintiach, was included in the Peace Research Institute Oslo's shortlist of Nobel Peace Prize worthy candidates for the year 2023.

References

[edit]
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  57. ^ "Following this coup (1976 Tripoli Agreement), some of Imelda's adoring fans wrote the Nobel Prize committee recommending her for the 1978 peace prize for her valor. Presumably the valor referred to her many hours with Khaddafy, whom Newsweek had called "the most dangerous man in the world"!" from Carmen Navarro Pedrosa, The Rise and Fall of Imelda Marcos, p. 178.
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  75. ^ Antonio La Viña (11 October 2018). "Leila de Lima and the Nobel Peace Prize". Rappler. Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
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  81. ^ Nomination archive – Onofre Garcia Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  82. ^ Nomination archive – Dario Del Val Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  83. ^ Nomination archive – Manuel C Briones Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  84. ^ Nomination archive – Jesús Castañon Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
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  86. ^ Nomination archive – Alejandro Reyes Roces Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  87. ^ Nomination archive – Pacita I Habana and collegues Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  88. ^ Nomination archive – Purita Kalaw-Ledesma nobelprize.org
  89. ^ Nomination archive – José Hernandez Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  90. ^ Nomination archive – Guadolupo Ganzon Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  91. ^ Nomination archive – Angel Macapogal Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
  92. ^ Nomination archive – Amadeo H Cruz Archived 2022-11-07 at the Wayback Machine nobelprize.org
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  96. ^ Tammy Waitt (2 March 2022). "AirLabs Clean Air Tech Nominated for 2022 Nobel Peace Prize". American Security Today. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2023.
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